Emissioni di CO2

Emissioni di CO2 da combustibili fossili (2022)
38,521,997,860 tonnellate
Variazione
+1.15%
Pro capite
4.8 tonnellate
Vedi tabella dati

Cos'è un gas serra?

Un gas a effetto serra (GHG) è un qualsiasi composto gassoso in grado di assorbire ed emettere radiazioni infrarosse, consentendo così a meno calore di disperdersi nello spazio e "intrappolandolo" nella bassa atmosfera.

I principali gas serra nell'atmosfera terrestre sono il vapore acqueo, l'anidride carbonica (CO2), il metano (CH4), il protossido di azoto (N2O) e l'ozono (O3).


Emissioni di anidride carbonica (CO2) per Paese

Vedi tabella completa

# Paese Emissioni di CO2 (tonnellate, 2022) Variazione su 1 anno Popolazione (2022) Pro capite Quota mondiale
1 Cina 12,667,428,430 −0.39% 1,425,179,569 8.89 32.88%
2 Stati Uniti 4,853,780,240 1.78% 341,534,046 14.21 12.60%
3 India 2,693,034,100 6.52% 1,425,423,212 1.89 6.99%
4 Russia 1,909,039,310 −1.22% 145,579,899 13.11 4.96%
5 Giappone 1,082,645,430 0.65% 124,997,578 8.66 2.81%
6 Indonesia 692,236,110 13.14% 278,830,529 2.48 1.80%
7 Iran 686,415,730 1.27% 89,524,246 7.67 1.78%
8 Germania 673,595,260 −0.84% 84,086,227 8.01 1.75%
9 Corea del Sud 635,502,970 −1.15% 51,782,512 12.27 1.65%
10 Arabia Saudita 607,907,500 2.93% 32,175,352 18.89 1.58%
11 Canada 582,072,950 3.57% 38,821,259 14.99 1.51%
12 Messico 487,774,010 10.4% 128,613,117 3.79 1.27%
13 Turchia 481,247,520 3.1% 87,058,473 5.53 1.25%
14 Brasile 466,770,410 −7.3% 210,306,415 2.22 1.21%
15 Sudafrica 404,974,510 −3.34% 62,378,410 6.49 1.05%
16 Australia 393,162,550 1.31% 26,200,984 15.01 1.02%
17 Regno Unito 340,610,260 0.46% 68,179,315 5 0.88%
18 Vietnam 327,905,620 −2.9% 99,680,655 3.29 0.85%
19 Italia 322,948,740 0.68% 59,619,115 5.42 0.84%
20 Polonia 321,954,000 −1.61% 38,385,739 8.39 0.84%
21 Francia 315,299,470 −2.91% 66,277,409 4.76 0.82%
22 Thailandia 282,445,820 2.23% 71,735,329 3.94 0.73%
23 Malaysia 277,531,770 6.5% 34,695,493 8 0.72%
24 Taiwan 275,573,980 −4.52% 23,420,111 11.77 0.72%
25 Egitto 265,961,280 6.54% 112,618,250 2.36 0.69%
26 Spagna 254,363,430 9.9% 47,828,382 5.32 0.66%
27 Kazakistan 245,886,290 4.53% 20,034,609 12.27 0.64%
28 Emirati Arabi Uniti 218,799,350 2.03% 10,242,086 21.36 0.57%
29 Pakistan 199,329,850 −7.74% 243,700,667 0.82 0.52%
30 Iraq 193,836,310 7.73% 44,070,551 4.4 0.50%
31 Argentina 184,037,200 1.43% 45,407,904 4.05 0.48%
32 Algeria 177,079,430 −0.96% 45,477,389 3.89 0.46%
33 Filippine 155,380,930 6.32% 113,964,338 1.36 0.40%
34 Paesi Bassi 134,663,630 −6.89% 17,904,421 7.52 0.35%
35 Ucraina 132,541,470 −26.57% 41,048,766 3.23 0.34%
36 Uzbekistan 132,433,520 3.7% 34,938,955 3.79 0.34%
37 Nigeria 122,750,410 −0.35% 223,150,896 0.55 0.32%
38 Kuwait 110,119,570 7.03% 4,589,511 23.99 0.29%
39 Bangladesh 109,075,300 3.57% 169,384,897 0.64 0.28%
40 Qatar 102,617,980 −3.69% 2,892,455 35.48 0.27%
41 Repubblica Ceca (Cechia) 101,544,650 1.25% 10,673,213 9.51 0.26%
42 Venezuela 96,924,940 9.84% 28,213,017 3.44 0.25%
43 Cile 92,858,760 −5.26% 19,553,036 4.75 0.24%
44 Oman 91,649,080 3.02% 4,730,226 19.38 0.24%
45 Belgio 90,414,850 −7.01% 11,641,820 7.77 0.23%
46 Colombia 88,469,810 4.92% 51,737,944 1.71 0.23%
47 Romania 77,289,010 −3.54% 19,166,772 4.03 0.20%
48 Marocco 72,642,020 −4.2% 37,329,064 1.95 0.19%
49 Turkmenistan 69,882,930 1.83% 7,230,193 9.67 0.18%
50 Libia 62,743,000 −0.36% 7,223,805 8.69 0.16%
51 Israele 61,771,180 3.79% 9,103,151 6.79 0.16%
52 Perù 61,610,390 10.59% 33,475,438 1.84 0.16%
53 Austria 61,174,530 −6.68% 9,064,677 6.75 0.16%
54 Bielorussia 57,411,420 −3.74% 9,173,237 6.26 0.15%
55 Grecia 56,777,160 4.82% 10,412,480 5.45 0.15%
56 Corea del Nord 54,403,780 −0.78% 26,328,845 2.07 0.14%
57 Singapore 53,439,690 −2.96% 5,649,885 9.46 0.14%
58 Bulgaria 50,103,300 9.4% 6,825,864 7.34 0.13%
59 Ungheria 47,291,880 −8.11% 9,684,306 4.88 0.12%
60 Ecuador 46,106,910 7.29% 17,823,897 2.59 0.12%
61 Norvegia 42,283,660 −4.43% 5,456,801 7.75 0.11%
62 Portogallo 41,281,720 4.42% 10,417,073 3.96 0.11%
63 Bahrein 37,955,110 0.35% 1,533,459 24.75 0.099%
64 Svezia 37,850,250 −0.48% 10,487,338 3.61 0.098%
65 Irlanda 37,785,560 4.47% 5,110,016 7.39 0.098%
66 Myanmar 37,394,010 0.73% 53,756,787 0.7 0.097%
67 Finlandia 37,324,670 −4.42% 5,569,299 6.7 0.097%
68 Azerbaigian 37,129,640 −0.15% 10,295,304 3.61 0.096%
69 Svizzera 36,105,180 −1.31% 8,792,182 4.11 0.094%
70 Tunisia 35,915,380 2.18% 12,119,334 2.96 0.093%
71 Slovacchia 35,233,230 −2.84% 5,473,197 6.44 0.091%
72 Hong Kong 32,439,160 −5.74% 7,465,915 4.34 0.084%
73 Nuova Zelanda 32,371,130 −6.29% 5,131,734 6.31 0.084%
74 Trinidad e Tobago 29,217,380 −0.16% 1,495,921 19.53 0.076%
75 Danimarca 29,158,760 −4.6% 5,902,904 4.94 0.076%
76 Siria 28,237,370 3.95% 22,462,173 1.26 0.073%
77 Cuba 24,770,800 2.53% 11,059,820 2.24 0.064%
78 Sudan 24,523,230 1.93% 49,383,346 0.5 0.064%
79 Ghana 24,452,990 1.6% 33,149,152 0.74 0.063%
80 Libano 23,766,110 4.46% 5,744,489 4.14 0.062%
81 Giordania 23,578,900 2.58% 11,256,263 2.09 0.061%
82 Repubblica Dominicana 23,456,970 1.18% 11,230,734 2.09 0.061%
83 Mongolia 22,095,340 −0.3% 3,386,015 6.53 0.057%
84 Bolivia 21,959,530 0.42% 12,077,154 1.82 0.057%
85 Bosnia ed Erzegovina 21,826,660 0.18% 3,204,802 6.81 0.057%
86 Kenya 21,527,440 2.85% 54,252,461 0.4 0.056%
87 Etiopia 21,106,910 2.7% 125,384,287 0.17 0.055%
88 Angola 20,185,660 −6.38% 35,635,029 0.57 0.052%
89 Laos 20,125,910 −0.44% 7,559,007 2.66 0.052%
90 Guatemala 20,090,150 0.04% 17,847,877 1.13 0.052%
91 Sri Lanka 18,535,920 −12.44% 22,834,965 0.81 0.048%
92 Cambogia 17,618,910 0.58% 17,201,724 1.02 0.046%
93 Croazia 17,224,970 1.22% 3,907,027 4.41 0.045%
94 Tanzania 16,978,750 2.65% 64,711,821 0.26 0.044%
95 Nepal 15,847,310 0.65% 29,715,436 0.53 0.041%
96 Costa d'Avorio 14,491,920 1.99% 30,395,002 0.48 0.038%
97 Slovenia 13,946,920 −2.34% 2,115,228 6.59 0.036%
98 Lituania 13,263,810 −5.64% 2,816,919 4.71 0.034%
99 Porto Rico 12,616,570 −1.9% 3,240,968 3.89 0.033%
100 Yemen 12,263,170 −0.22% 38,222,876 0.32 0.032%
101 Senegal 12,074,690 3.4% 17,651,103 0.68 0.031%
102 Georgia 12,013,890 0.71% 3,794,784 3.17 0.031%
103 Panama 11,384,020 4.73% 4,400,773 2.59 0.030%
104 Estonia 10,847,950 −6.77% 1,350,091 8.03 0.028%
105 Honduras 10,612,630 5.73% 10,463,872 1.01 0.028%
106 Tagikistan 10,551,280 1.31% 10,182,222 1.04 0.027%
107 Kirghizistan 10,303,360 1.44% 6,955,788 1.48 0.027%
108 Zimbabwe 10,223,730 6.06% 16,069,056 0.64 0.027%
109 Camerun 10,080,190 −5.59% 27,632,771 0.36 0.026%
110 Mozambico 10,028,180 11.68% 32,656,246 0.31 0.026%
111 Paraguay 9,932,550 0.03% 6,760,464 1.47 0.026%
112 Benin 9,619,540 3.7% 13,759,501 0.7 0.025%
113 Brunei 9,375,650 −4.45% 455,370 20.59 0.024%
114 Zambia 9,270,700 4.56% 20,152,938 0.46 0.024%
115 Moldavia 8,652,070 −6.09% 3,039,985 2.85 0.022%
116 Costa Rica 8,608,370 5.77% 5,081,765 1.69 0.022%
117 Uruguay 8,541,520 0.1% 3,390,913 2.52 0.022%
118 Macedonia del Nord 8,336,480 −0.02% 1,840,233 4.53 0.022%
119 Botswana 8,213,720 21.79% 2,439,892 3.37 0.021%
120 El Salvador 7,972,430 5.62% 6,280,319 1.27 0.021%
121 Lussemburgo 7,586,820 −12.07% 653,313 11.61 0.020%
122 Uganda 7,540,270 2.33% 47,312,719 0.16 0.020%
123 Cipro 7,460,310 0.34% 1,331,370 5.6 0.019%
124 Congo 7,435,820 4.09% 6,035,104 1.23 0.019%
125 Mali 6,725,970 4.45% 23,072,640 0.29 0.017%
126 Lettonia 6,705,370 −7.37% 1,881,063 3.56 0.017%
127 Armenia 6,326,530 −8.68% 2,880,874 2.2 0.016%
128 Giamaica 6,083,040 −0.18% 2,839,144 2.14 0.016%
129 Burkina Faso 5,820,480 3.99% 22,509,038 0.26 0.015%
130 Nicaragua 5,734,390 5.56% 6,730,654 0.85 0.015%
131 Afghanistan 5,675,770 0.65% 40,578,842 0.14 0.015%
132 Malawi 5,627,530 8.03% 20,568,728 0.27 0.015%
133 Gabon 5,516,570 −1.53% 2,430,747 2.27 0.014%
134 Nuova Caledonia 5,361,860 0.76% 287,123 18.67 0.014%
135 Guinea Equatoriale 5,053,870 −9.47% 1,803,545 2.8 0.013%
136 Papua Nuova Guinea 4,715,910 2.23% 10,203,169 0.46 0.012%
137 Mauritania 4,611,630 4.49% 4,875,637 0.95 0.012%
138 Albania 4,486,220 2.94% 2,827,608 1.59 0.012%
139 Namibia 4,287,830 9.26% 2,889,662 1.48 0.011%
140 Mauritius 4,281,810 6.05% 1,276,130 3.36 0.011%
141 Guyana 3,804,000 1.67% 821,637 4.63 0.0099%
142 Guinea 3,801,720 3.92% 14,055,137 0.27 0.0099%
143 Islanda 3,558,320 15.57% 380,356 9.36 0.0092%
144 RD del Congo 3,551,810 −1.38% 102,396,968 0.03 0.0092%
145 Haiti 3,437,040 3.81% 11,503,606 0.3 0.0089%
146 Suriname 3,289,020 0.13% 623,164 5.28 0.0085%
147 Madagascar 3,190,000 4.31% 30,437,261 0.1 0.0083%
148 Riunione 2,736,530 3.05% 871,540 3.14 0.0071%
149 Niger 2,633,180 2.59% 25,311,973 0.1 0.0068%
150 Togo 2,437,950 2.8% 9,089,738 0.27 0.0063%
151 Macao 2,247,400 1.61% 704,356 3.19 0.0058%
152 Maldive 2,181,070 2.34% 524,106 4.16 0.0057%
153 Ciad 2,110,370 −0.66% 18,455,316 0.11 0.0055%
154 Malta 1,715,420 2.44% 528,192 3.25 0.0045%
155 Bhutan 1,712,460 0.9% 780,914 2.19 0.0044%
156 Figi 1,692,890 2.26% 919,422 1.84 0.0044%
157 Ruanda 1,626,440 2.55% 13,651,030 0.12 0.0042%
158 Liberia 1,622,810 4.25% 5,373,294 0.3 0.0042%
159 Bahamas 1,446,220 3.91% 397,538 3.64 0.0038%
160 Palau 1,357,050 2.12% 17,759 76.41 0.0035%
161 eSwatini 1,348,890 13.5% 1,218,917 1.11 0.0035%
162 Sierra Leone 1,099,700 4.08% 8,276,807 0.13 0.0029%
163 Seychelles 1,095,060 1.86% 125,522 8.72 0.0028%
164 Cabo Verde 1,015,010 4.83% 519,741 1.95 0.0026%
165 Polinesia francese 956,700 2.32% 280,378 3.41 0.0025%
166 Somalia 940,570 2.45% 17,801,897 0.05 0.0024%
167 Burundi 924,150 2.5% 13,321,097 0.07 0.0024%
168 Guadalupa 904,520 3.27% 384,697 2.35 0.0023%
169 Martinica 899,240 3.56% 349,459 2.57 0.0023%
170 Eritrea 804,660 1.96% 3,409,447 0.24 0.0021%
171 Lesotho 779,000 9.18% 2,286,110 0.34 0.0020%
172 Gibuti 761,120 2.09% 1,137,096 0.67 0.0020%
173 Barbados 674,170 3.47% 282,318 2.39 0.0018%
174 Gibilterra 663,620 3.59% 37,609 17.65 0.0017%
175 Gambia 611,740 4.81% 2,636,470 0.23 0.0016%
176 Timor-Leste 572,620 4.33% 1,369,295 0.42 0.0015%
177 Groenlandia 465,940 6.04% 55,990 8.32 0.0012%
178 Aruba 455,060 3.91% 107,782 4.22 0.0012%
179 Samoa 355,420 2.33% 215,261 1.65 0.00092%
180 Guyana francese 354,590 0.13% 298,306 1.19 0.00092%
181 Guinea-Bissau 350,090 4.78% 2,105,529 0.17 0.00091%
182 Comore 342,880 2.45% 834,188 0.41 0.00089%
183 Isole Salomone 318,050 2.32% 781,066 0.41 0.00083%
184 Bermuda 317,540 3.92% 64,749 4.9 0.00082%
185 Isole Cayman 307,220 3.91% 71,591 4.29 0.00080%
186 Antigua e Barbuda 277,650 3.91% 92,840 2.99 0.00072%
187 Repubblica Centrafricana 276,060 −6.02% 5,098,039 0.05 0.00072%
188 Belize 269,430 6.38% 402,733 0.67 0.00070%
189 Santa Lucia 254,790 3.92% 178,781 1.43 0.00066%
190 Sahara Occidentale 241,500 0.16% 568,739 0.42 0.00063%
191 Vanuatu 218,140 2.33% 313,046 0.7 0.00057%
192 Tonga 166,860 2.33% 105,042 1.59 0.00043%
193 São Tomé e Príncipe 157,900 −6.33% 226,305 0.7 0.00041%
194 Grenada 122,490 3.9% 116,913 1.05 0.00032%
195 Isole Cook 107,800 2.35% 14,723 7.32 0.00028%
196 Saint Kitts e Nevis 101,920 3.92% 46,709 2.18 0.00026%
197 Turks e Caicos 88,360 3.9% 45,847 1.93 0.00023%
198 St. Vincent e Grenadine 82,790 3.9% 102,046 0.81 0.00021%
199 Kiribati 73,960 2.31% 130,469 0.57 0.00019%
200 Dominica 68,810 3.83% 66,826 1.03 0.00018%
201 Isole Vergini Britanniche 64,670 3.92% 38,319 1.69 0.00017%
202 Saint-Pierre e Miquelon 37,110 −1.46% 5,732 6.47 0.000096%
203 Anguilla 22,810 3.63% 14,180 1.61 0.000059%
204 Isole Falkland 21,770 0.14% 3,490 6.24 0.000057%
205 Sant'Elena 17,900 12.3% 5,343 3.35 0.000046%
206 Isole Fær Øer 2,110 0.48% 54,011 0.04 0.0000055%

Emissioni di CO2 per settore

Emissioni di CO2 dalla combustione di combustibili fossili per i seguenti usi:

  • Industria energetica - La produzione di elettricità deriva principalmente dalla combustione di combustibili fossili, soprattutto carbone e gas naturale. Le emissioni di gas serra del settore industriale provengono principalmente dalla combustione di combustibili fossili per la produzione di energia.
  • Combustione industriale - dal settore manifatturiero.
  • Rifiuti - rifiuti solidi smaltiti in discarica, rifiuti solidi compostati e trattamento/stoccaggio di rifiuti solidi pericolosi, gestione delle acque reflue, incenerimento dei rifiuti.
  • Sfruttamento dei combustibili - attività di estrazione, trasformazione e raffinazione dei combustibili, comprese le emissioni fuggitive e la combustione in torcia (flaring).
  • Processi industriali minerali non metallici, metalli non ferrosi, uso di solventi e altri prodotti, prodotti chimici, ecc.
  • Trasporti - dalla combustione di combustibili fossili per automobili, camion, navi, treni e aerei.
  • Agricoltura - allevamento (fermentazione enterica, gestione del letame), suoli agricoli (fertilizzanti, applicazione di calce, coltivazione del riso, emissioni dirette dal suolo, emissioni indirette di N2O dall'agricoltura), combustione in campo dei residui agricoli.
  • Edifici - Commerciali e residenziali. Le emissioni di gas serra da aziende e abitazioni derivano principalmente dai combustibili fossili bruciati per il riscaldamento, dall'uso di determinati prodotti che contengono gas serra e dalla gestione dei rifiuti.

Sono escluse: la combustione di biomasse a ciclo breve (come la combustione di rifiuti agricoli), la combustione di biomasse su larga scala (come gli incendi boschivi) e le emissioni/assorbimenti di carbonio derivanti dall'uso del suolo, dal cambiamento di uso del suolo e dalla silvicoltura.


Andamento delle emissioni di CO2

  • Le emissioni globali di CO2 da combustibili fossili sono state di 38,521,997,860 tonnellate nel 2022.
  • Le emissioni di CO2 sono aumentate dell'1.15% rispetto all'anno precedente, con un incremento di 439,834,090 di tonnellate rispetto al 2021, quando le emissioni di CO2 erano pari a 38,082,163,770 di tonnellate.
  • Le emissioni di CO2 pro capite a livello mondiale sono pari a 4.8 tonnellate a persona (sulla base di una popolazione mondiale di 8,021,407,192 nel 2022), in aumento di 0.01 rispetto al dato di 4.79 tonnellate di CO2 a persona registrato nel 2021; ciò rappresenta una variazione dello 0.3% nelle emissioni di CO2 pro capite.

Emissioni globali di CO2 da combustibili fossili per anno

Anno Emissioni di CO2 (tonnellate, 2022) Variazione su 1 anno Pro capite Popolazione Variazione pop.
2022 38,521,997,860 1.15% 4.8 8,021,407,192 0.84%
2021 38,082,163,770 5.95% 4.79 7,954,448,391 0.86%
2020 35,944,470,190 −4.97% 4.56 7,887,001,292 0.97%
2019 37,824,905,990 −0.02% 4.84 7,811,293,698 1.05%
2018 37,831,867,370 2.55% 4.89 7,729,902,781 1.1%
2017 36,890,294,700 1.75% 4.83 7,645,617,954 1.15%
2016 36,256,039,370 0.27% 4.8 7,558,554,526 1.18%
2015 36,158,843,940 −0.36% 4.84 7,470,491,872 1.2%
2014 36,290,301,590 0.62% 4.92 7,381,616,244 1.23%
2013 36,066,749,090 1.94% 4.95 7,291,793,585 1.26%
2012 35,379,993,670 1.34% 4.91 7,201,202,485 1.27%
2011 34,911,300,320 3.14% 4.91 7,110,923,765 1.27%
2010 33,848,387,620 6.12% 4.82 7,021,732,148 1.28%
2009 31,897,660,490 −1.27% 4.6 6,932,766,416 1.29%
2008 32,307,290,310 0.61% 4.72 6,844,457,662 1.29%
2007 32,112,582,940 3.78% 4.75 6,757,308,781 1.29%
2006 30,943,452,550 3.4% 4.64 6,671,452,015 1.28%
2005 29,924,588,820 3.74% 4.54 6,586,970,132 1.29%
2004 28,846,453,240 4.66% 4.44 6,503,377,772 1.29%
2003 27,562,243,480 4.62% 4.29 6,420,361,634 1.3%
2002 26,344,002,090 1.56% 4.16 6,337,730,342 1.32%
2001 25,938,836,700 1.24% 4.15 6,254,936,459 1.35%
2000 25,620,997,640 3.22% 4.15 6,171,702,993 1.36%
1999 24,821,873,390 0.73% 4.08 6,089,006,339 1.36%
1998 24,642,487,230 0.65% 4.1 6,007,066,690 1.39%
1997 24,484,291,960 1.95% 4.13 5,924,787,816 1.42%
1996 24,014,901,730 1.94% 4.11 5,842,055,734 1.44%
1995 23,558,143,540 2.91% 4.09 5,758,878,982 1.47%
1994 22,891,582,830 0.97% 4.03 5,675,551,255 1.5%
1993 22,672,034,380 0.48% 4.05 5,591,544,797 1.55%
1992 22,564,252,780 −0.4% 4.1 5,505,989,816 1.61%
1991 22,654,806,350 0.61% 4.18 5,418,735,891 1.71%
1990 22,516,769,410 0.82% 4.23 5,327,803,110 1.78%
1989 22,333,211,520 1.76% 4.27 5,234,431,732 1.8%
1988 21,946,990,560 3.57% 4.27 5,141,992,542 1.83%
1987 21,190,595,500 3.16% 4.2 5,049,746,397 1.85%
1986 20,541,707,830 1.76% 4.14 4,958,072,838 1.83%
1985 20,185,802,360 1.3% 4.15 4,868,943,465 1.81%
1984 19,926,536,400 3.21% 4.17 4,782,175,519 1.81%
1983 19,307,236,260 0.72% 4.11 4,697,327,573 1.84%
1982 19,169,203,050 −1.31% 4.16 4,612,673,421 1.85%
1981 19,422,670,490 −1.85% 4.29 4,528,777,306 1.83%
1980 19,788,043,060 −1.3% 4.45 4,447,606,236 1.81%
1979 20,047,744,460 2.76% 4.59 4,368,539,528 1.78%
1978 19,508,784,910 2.63% 4.55 4,292,097,502 1.76%
1977 19,008,069,630 3.04% 4.51 4,217,863,796 1.78%

Sources