Somalia Demographics

Population of Somalia (2025)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Somalia

Somalia Population
19,654,739
see live
Yearly Change
+3.4%
Global Share
0.24%
Global Rank
67

Median Age

The median age in Somalia is 15.6 years (2025).

Fertility in Somalia

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
5.9
(Live Births per Woman, 2025)

Life Expectancy in Somalia

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
59.1
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
61.7
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
56.6
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Somalia


Infant Mortality
65.0
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
101.1
(per 1,000 live births)


Somalia Urban Population

Currently, 46.6% of the population of Somalia is urban (9,168,559 people in 2025)


Population Density

The 2025 population density in Somalia is 31 people per Km2 (81 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 627,340 Km2 (242,217 sq. miles).

Largest Cities in Somalia

# City Population
1 Mogadishu 2,587,183
2 Borama 597,842
3 Hargeysa 477,876
4 Berbera 242,344
5 Kismayo 234,852
6 Marka 230,100
7 Ruqi 148,702
8 Baidoa 129,839
9 Cabudwaaq 120,000
10 Burao 99,270
11 Gebiley 77,320
12 Bosaso 74,287
13 Beled Hawo 73,000
14 Balanbale 68,000
15 Afgooye 65,461
16 Gaalkacyo 61,200
17 Laascaanood 60,100
18 Garoowe 57,300
19 Beledweyne 55,410
20 Qoryooley 51,720
21 Jawhar 47,086
22 Jilib 43,694
23 Jamaame 42,270
24 Baardheere 42,240
25 Dhabad 36,000
26 Ceerigaabo 33,853
27 Luuq 33,820
28 Buurhakaba 27,792
29 Ceeldheer 26,562
30 Saaxo 26,000

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.