Slovakia Demographics

Population of Slovakia (2025)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Slovakia

Slovakia Population
5,474,881
see live
Yearly Change
−0.58%
Global Share
0.07%
Global Rank
123

Median Age

The median age in Slovakia is 42.3 years (2025).

Fertility in Slovakia

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.6
(Live Births per Woman, 2025)

Life Expectancy in Slovakia

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
78.7
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
81.8
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
75.4
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Slovakia


Infant Mortality
3.8
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
4.6
(per 1,000 live births)


Slovakia Urban Population

Currently, 54% of the population of Slovakia is urban (2,955,290 people in 2025)


Population Density

The 2025 population density in Slovakia is 114 people per Km2 (295 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 48,088 Km2 (18,567 sq. miles).

Largest Cities in Slovakia

# City Population
1 Bratislava 423,737
2 Kosice 228,249
3 Nitra 86,329
4 Presov 83,897
5 Zilina 81,940
6 Banska Bystrica 75,317
7 Trnava 63,194
8 Trencin 58,278
9 Poprad 57,431
10 Martin 54,618
11 Prievidza 52,987
12 Stare Mesto 46,080
13 Zvolen 44,502
14 Povazska Bystrica 43,936
15 Michalovce 40,360
16 Spisska Nova Ves 39,195
17 Nove Zamky 37,899
18 Levice 37,574
19 Humenne 35,367
20 Bardejov 33,060
21 Komarno 32,643
22 Liptovsky Mikulas 31,194
23 Ruzomberok 30,806
24 Piestany 30,000
25 Lucenec 28,159
26 Rimavska Sobota 25,235
27 Cadca 24,670
28 Sala 24,513
29 Partizanske 24,370
30 Hlohovec 23,930

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.