Poland Demographics

Population of Poland (2025)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Poland

Poland Population
38,140,910
see live
Yearly Change
−1.03%
Global Share
0.46%
Global Rank
42

Median Age

The median age in Poland is 42.5 years (2025).

Fertility in Poland

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.3
(Live Births per Woman, 2025)

Life Expectancy in Poland

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
79.0
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
82.6
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
75.3
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Poland


Infant Mortality
3.2
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
3.7
(per 1,000 live births)


Poland Urban Population

Currently, 59.2% of the population of Poland is urban (22,598,335 people in 2025)


Population Density

The 2025 population density in Poland is 125 people per Km2 (323 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 306,230 Km2 (118,236 sq. miles).

Largest Cities in Poland

# City Population
1 Warsaw 1,702,139
2 Lodz 768,755
3 Krakow 755,050
4 Wroclaw 634,893
5 Poznan 570,352
6 Gdansk 461,865
7 Szczecin 407,811
8 Bydgoszcz 366,452
9 Lublin 360,044
10 Katowice 317,316
11 Bialystok 291,855
12 Czestochowa 248,125
13 Gdynia 244,969
14 Sosnowiec 227,295
15 Radom 226,794
16 Mokotow 217,683
17 Kielce 208,598
18 Gliwice 198,835
19 Torun 198,613
20 Zabrze 192,177
21 Bytom 189,186
22 Praga Poludnie 179,836
23 Bielsko-Biala 176,515
24 Olsztyn 171,803
25 Rzeszow 158,382
26 Ursynow 150,668
27 Ruda Slaska 146,189
28 Rybnik 142,510
29 Wola 140,958
30 Bielany 134,854

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.