Peru Demographics

Population of Peru (2025)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Peru

Peru Population
34,576,665
see live
Yearly Change
+1.05%
Global Share
0.42%
Global Rank
47

Median Age

The median age in Peru is 30.2 years (2025).

Fertility in Peru

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.9
(Live Births per Woman, 2025)

Life Expectancy in Peru

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
78.1
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
80.5
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
75.8
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Peru


Infant Mortality
9.8
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
12.5
(per 1,000 live births)


Peru Urban Population

Currently, 80.6% of the population of Peru is urban (27,880,400 people in 2025)


Population Density

The 2025 population density in Peru is 27 people per Km2 (70 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 1,280,000 Km2 (494,211 sq. miles).

Largest Cities in Peru

# City Population
1 Lima 7,737,002
2 Callao 1,300,000
3 Arequipa 1,008,290
4 Trujillo 919,899
5 Chiclayo 552,508
6 Piura 484,475
7 Huancayo 456,250
8 Cusco 428,450
9 Iquitos 377,609
10 Pucallpa 326,040
11 Chimbote 316,966
12 Tacna 286,240
13 Ica 282,407
14 Santiago de Surco 251,648
15 Juliaca 245,675
16 Cajamarca 201,329
17 Huanuco 196,627
18 Santa Anita - Los Ficus 184,614
19 Sullana 160,789
20 Chincha Alta 153,076
21 Ayacucho 140,033
22 San Martin 130,000
23 Puno 128,637
24 Huaraz 118,836
25 San Francisco De Borja 105,076
26 Talara 99,074
27 Tumbes 96,946
28 Chosica 88,606
29 Puerto Maldonado 85,024
30 Brena 81,909

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.