Japan Demographics

Population of Japan (2025)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Japan

Japan Population
123,103,479
see live
Yearly Change
−0.52%
Global Share
1.5%
Global Rank
12

Median Age

The median age in Japan is 49.8 years (2025).

Fertility in Japan

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.2
(Live Births per Woman, 2025)

Life Expectancy in Japan

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
85.0
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
88.0
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
82.0
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Japan


Infant Mortality
1.6
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
2.3
(per 1,000 live births)


Japan Urban Population

Currently, 93.1% of the population of Japan is urban (114,645,589 people in 2025)


Population Density

The 2025 population density in Japan is 338 people per Km2 (875 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 364,555 Km2 (140,755 sq. miles).

Largest Cities in Japan

# City Population
1 Tokyo 8,336,599
2 Yokohama 3,761,630
3 Osaka 2,753,862
4 Nagoya 2,191,279
5 Sapporo 1,973,832
6 Fukuoka 1,603,543
7 Kawasaki 1,531,646
8 Kobe 1,522,188
9 Kyoto 1,463,723
10 Saitama 1,324,854
11 Hiroshima 1,199,391
12 Sendai 1,096,704
13 Chiba 979,768
14 Kitakyushu 940,978
15 Niigata 797,591
16 Hamamatsu 791,707
17 Sakai 782,339
18 Kumamoto 738,907
19 Okayama 720,841
20 Sagamihara 720,780
21 Shizuoka 690,881
22 Honcho 644,668
23 Kawaguchi 607,373
24 Kagoshima 595,049
25 Hachioji 561,344
26 Himeji 525,682
27 Matsuyama 509,835
28 Matsudo 498,575
29 Higashi-osaka 489,077
30 Kurashiki 483,576

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.