Ethiopia Demographics

Population of Ethiopia (2025)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Ethiopia

Ethiopia Population
135,472,051
see live
Yearly Change
+2.58%
Global Share
1.65%
Global Rank
10

Median Age

The median age in Ethiopia is 19.1 years (2025).

Fertility in Ethiopia

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
3.8
(Live Births per Woman, 2025)

Life Expectancy in Ethiopia

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
67.9
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
71.3
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
64.6
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Ethiopia


Infant Mortality
30.9
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
41.9
(per 1,000 live births)


Ethiopia Urban Population

Currently, 22.5% of the population of Ethiopia is urban (30,487,323 people in 2025)


Population Density

The 2025 population density in Ethiopia is 135 people per Km2 (351 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 1,000,000 Km2 (386,102 sq. miles).

Largest Cities in Ethiopia

# City Population
1 Addis Ababa 3,860,000
2 Jijiga 483,000
3 Gonder 466,000
4 Mek'ele 457,900
5 Nazret 456,900
6 Awasa 422,200
7 Bahir Dar 350,000
8 Dire Dawa 343,000
9 Dessie 270,400
10 Jimma 250,900
11 Shashamane 208,400
12 Bishoftu 207,400
13 Sodo 204,100
14 Arba Minch 201,000
15 Hosa'ina 188,200
16 Dila 158,800
17 Harar 157,000
18 Nek'emte 156,000
19 Arabi 148,933
20 Debre Birhan 146,900
21 Debre Mark'os 140,700
22 Asela 139,500
23 Kombolcha 132,100
24 Debre Tabor 125,300
25 Adigrat 121,800
26 Weldiya 104,000
27 Sebeta 102,300
28 Burayu 101,400
29 Inda Silase 100,100
30 Hagere Hiywet 99,900

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.