Cuba Demographics

Population of Cuba (2025)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Cuba

Cuba Population
10,937,203
see live
Yearly Change
−0.39%
Global Share
0.13%
Global Rank
88

Median Age

The median age in Cuba is 42.2 years (2025).

Fertility in Cuba

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.5
(Live Births per Woman, 2025)

Life Expectancy in Cuba

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
78.4
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
80.8
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
76.1
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Cuba


Infant Mortality
4.4
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
5.5
(per 1,000 live births)


Cuba Urban Population

Currently, 81.9% of the population of Cuba is urban (8,957,468 people in 2025)


Population Density

The 2025 population density in Cuba is 103 people per Km2 (266 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 106,440 Km2 (41,097 sq. miles).

Largest Cities in Cuba

# City Population
1 Havana 2,163,824
2 Santiago de Cuba 555,865
3 Camagueey 347,562
4 Holguin 319,102
5 Guantanamo 272,801
6 Santa Clara 250,512
7 Almendares 240,000
8 Diez de Octubre 227,293
9 Arroyo Naranjo 210,053
10 Mantilla 206,918
11 Las Tunas 203,684
12 Bayamo 192,632
13 Boyeros 188,593
14 Pinar del Rio 186,990
15 Cienfuegos 186,644
16 Fontanar 178,601
17 Ciudad Camilo Cienfuegos 178,041
18 San Miguel del Padron 159,273
19 Centro Habana 158,151
20 Balcon de la Lisa 147,415
21 Matanzas 146,733
22 Ciego de Avila 142,027
23 Plaza de la Revolucion 139,135
24 Marianao 134,057
25 Cerro 132,351
26 Manzanillo 128,188
27 Sancti Spiritus 127,069
28 Guanabacoa 112,964
29 Vedado 108,369
30 Palma Soriano 102,826

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.